Compound Sentences

Vocabulary

お金(かね)お・かねmoney

暇(ひま)ひまna-adjfree time

遊(あそ)ぶあそ・ぶu-verbto play

食(た)べるた・べるru-verbto eat

飲(の)むの・むu-verbto drink

時間(じかん)じ・かんtime

行(い)くい・くu-verbto go

病気(びょうき)びょう・きsick, illness

休(やす)むやす・むu-verbto rest

買い物(かいもの)か・い・ものshopping

映画(えいが)えい・がmovie

Beyond simple sequences, we often need to express reasons or list multiple states.

Expressing “And” / Listing States with し

The usage of し implies that you are listing reasons or states, often to justify a conclusion.

お金(かね)もあるし、暇(ひま)だし、遊(あそ)びに行(い)こう。I have money and I have time, so let's go play.

このレストランは安(やす)いし、おいしいし、いいね。This restaurant is cheap and delicious, so it's good.

彼(かれ)は優(やさ)しいし、面白(おもしろ)いし、好(す)きだ。He's kind and funny, so I like him.

Listing Actions with たり

Use たり to list a representative set of actions, implying “doing things like A and B (and others)”. Conjugate to Past Tense, replace た with たり. Must end with する.

食(た)べたり飲(の)んだりする。Do things like eating and drinking.

買い物(かいもの)したり映画(えいが)を見(み)たりした。Did things like shopping and watching movies.

週末(しゅうまつ)は本(ほん)を読(よ)んだり音楽(おんがく)を聴(き)いたりする。On weekends, I do things like read books and listen to music.

Expressing Reasons with から and ので

から

Subjective reason. “Because…”

時間(じかん)がないから、行(い)かない。Because I have no time, I won't go.

お腹(なか)が空(あ)いたから、食(た)べよう。Because I'm hungry, let's eat.

ので

Objective reason. Slightly more polite/softer.

病気(びょうき)なので、休(やす)みます。Since I am sick, I will rest.

雨(あめ)が降(ふ)っているので、傘(かさ)を持(も)っていく。Since it's raining, I'll bring an umbrella.